A cave is any substantial opening in bedrock that lead to an interior open space; it is generally agreed that a cave must be large enough for an average adult to fit inside of. Medium sized caves are known as ‘grattos’, larger spaces are known as ‘rooms’, and the biggest spaces are ‘chambers’. Caves are classified on the basis of water, they are either active caves with flowing streams or inactive caves which are without flowing streams. Caves are formed through the aggressive recharge water above the water table; by the deep circulation of phreatic water below the water table; at the water table or in the shallow phreatic zone associated with the fluctuations of the water table; and by sulphidic bacterial action.
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