Wave refraction concentrates erosional energy on the headlands of that stick out into the water, while sedimentary material collects in the concave bends of bays. Headlands that are eroded become steep sea cliffs. Waves erode away at the bottom of the cliff, seeking out joints, weaknesses, and softer strata, and excavate a sea cave at the base of the cliff. The cliff will continue to retreat under the weight of the wave erosion amounting to a wave-cut platform, a nearly flat bedrock surface that slopes seaward. Sections of the headlands survive as small islands, and as wave erosion continues, these islands are sometimes penetrated at their base and become sea arches. Other remnants of the headlands stand alone as columns called stacks. Arches and stacks are generally of coastlines being actively eroded, but they are temporary, and soon they to will be eroded to the level of the wave-cut platform. This is my wife on a beach, above her you can see as tack out in the ocean.
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